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Giant dinosaur: Handout picture
released on Saturday by the Egidio Feruglio Paleontological Museum
showing technicians working in the area where fossils of a dinosaur --
likely to be the largest ever to roam the earth-- were found in Chubut,
some 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) south of Buenos Aires. Paleontologists
in Argentina's remote Patagonia region have discovered fossils of a
creature is believed to be a new species of Titanosaur, a long-necked,
long-tailed sauropod that walked on four legs and lived some 95 million
years ago in the Cretaceous Period. (AFP/Museo Egidio Feruglio)
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Paleontologists in Argentina's remote Patagonia region have
discovered fossils of what may be the largest dinosaur ever, amid a vast
cache of fossils that could shed light on prehistoric life.
The
creature is believed to be a new species of Titanosaur, a long-necked,
long-tailed sauropod that walked on four legs and lived some 90 million
years ago in the Cretaceous Period.
Researchers say the
plant-eating dinosaur weighed the equivalent of more than 14 African
elephants, or about 100 tonnes, and stretched up to 40 meters (130 feet)
in length.
The previous record holder, also in Argentina, the Argentinosaurus, was estimated to measure 36.6 meters long.
A fossilized femur of the Titanosaur was larger than a paleontologist who lay next to it.
And the find didn't stop there.
Bones from at least seven individual dinosaurs, including some believed to be younger, were found at the site.
This
is "the most complete discovery of this type of giant dinosaur in the
world, a momentous discovery for science," cheered Jose Luis Carballido,
one of eight scientists who participated in the research.
The
fossils were accidentally discovered in 2011 by a farm worker in a
remote area in the Patagonian province of Chubut, some 1,300 kilometers
(800 miles) south of Buenos Aires.
The worker first spotted a massive leg bone, measuring some 2.4 meters in length.
Excavations
launched in January 2013 also uncovered complete bones of the tail,
torso and neck -- which will allow for a fuller picture of what the
entire animal looked like when alive.
Carballido, part of a team
of Argentine and Spanish researchers, said the group had uncovered "10
vertebrae of the torso, 40 from the tail, parts of the neck and complete
legs."
"Until now, what was known, worldwide, about sauropods was
from fragmentary discoveries," said the 36-year-old paleontologist from
the Egidio Feruglio Museum in the southern city of Trelew, calling the
find "extraordinary."
- Tip of the iceberg -
Even more bones may yet appear.
So far, "we have only recovered an estimated 20 percent of what's in the field," said Carballido.
The find is set to help shed light on more than just the anatomy of these remarkably large herbivores.
The
researchers have also found what they believe to be muscle insertions,
which will help them reconstruct the form of the creature's muscles and
calculate how much energy was needed to move them.
Paleontologists
have found about 60 teeth at the site, 57 of which are from
Tyrannotitan carnivores -- one of the largest known therapods, and known
scavengers.
In addition to the skeletal remains, fossil imprints
of leaves and stems have been found, which could help researchers
rebuild the ecosystem at the time.
"We will be able to make a very
precise reconstruction and answer many questions," Carballido said --
including just what about southern Argentina made conditions favorable
for so many massive dinosaur species.
- 'A treasure trove' -
So far, the new species remains unnamed, and scientists estimate they will publish the first results next year.
"The
research will be done in several stages. First we will present the new
species, its characteristics," Carballido said, followed by years of
study to detail the animal's biology and "the way it grew up."
Paul
Barrett, fossils and anthropology expert at London's Natural History
Museum, cautioned that claims this dinosaur is the largest ever still
must be confirmed.
"This is an inspiring new discovery of a truly gigantic dinosaur," Barrett said.
"However,
we need to know more about the overall size and proportions of the
skeleton and use several different methods to investigate its possible
width before deciding it's definitely the largest dinosaur species yet
known."
US paleontologist David Burnham agreed that "a lot of things still need to be proven."
But largest dinosaur or not, the breadth of the discovery was truly remarkable.
"You
can really start reconstructing past life when you get a treasure trove
like this," said Burnham, of the University of Kansas.
Finding so
many individual dinosaurs at one site could confirm the hypothesis that
these herbivores lived in herds, as well as determine any predators
they may have had, whether they were scavengers, when they died and in
what type of environment they lived, the paleontologist added. AFP